Challenge testing is the gold standard
for diagnosing allergy. Challenge tests commonly performed by allergists
include food challenge, drug challenge, inhalation challenge and physical challenge
(heat, cold, exercise).
Oral
Challenge
Skin
prick tests and specific IgE blood tests are often used to aid in
the diagnosis of food allergies. However, having positive skin tests or specific
IgE to foods does not necessarily mean that the patient is allergic to those
foods. The reason is because the body can develop an immune response called
oral tolerance that suppresses the food allergy while the skin or blood test
remains positive. Therefore, young children with food allergies often develop
tolerance when they grow older while their test results remain positive for a
few more years. On the other hand, negative skin or blood tests can reliably
exclude immediate-type food allergy.
Allergists therefore use food challenge to determine whether a patient is allergic to a particular food when there is suspicion that skin or blood test results are incorrect, or when the patient might have outgrown his/her food allergy. An open challenge is performed by simply giving the patient increasing amounts of the food under close medical supervision. However, a significant amount of psychological overlay is sometimes present, which will bias the result of the challenge. Therefore the food is often hidden in a vehicle such as apple sauce and given to the patient in a single-blinded (subject is blinded to the test condition) or double-blinded (both observer and subject blinded) manner, alternating with plain vehicle.
Reference
information: www.allergy.hk/
The information
aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult physician before considering treatment
and should not rely on the information above.