Wednesday, February 25, 2015

Outgrowing Food Allergies

Most children outgrow cow's milk, egg, soy and wheat allergy, even if they have a history of a severe reaction. About 20% of children with peanut allergy will outgrow it. About 9% of children with tree nut allergy will outgrow it. Your allergist can help you learn when your child might outgrow a food allergy.




 

Treatment
 
The best way to treat food allergy is to avoid the foods that trigger your allergy. Although it has been shown that just smelling peanut butter will not cause a reaction, sometimes food allergens can be airborne, especially in steam, and can cause reactions. Boiling or simmering seafood is a particular offender.

Always ask about ingredients when eating at restaurants or when you are eating foods prepared by family or friends.

Carefully read food labels. The United States and some other countries require that eight major food allergens are to be listed in common language, for example, "milk" rather than a scientific or technical term, like "casein."

Carry and know how to use injectable epinephrine and antihistamines to treat emergency reactions. If a reaction occurs, have someone take you to the emergency room, even if symptoms subside. Afterwards, get follow-up care from an allergist.


 



Reference :  www.allergy.hk
The above information serve as an education purpose only, you are encourage to
consult with your allergist for appropriate diagnosis and treatment

Tuesday, February 24, 2015

有些市民會把「食物過敏」與「食物不耐症」混淆

簡單來說,當食物進入身體後引起的不正常免疫反應,便是食物過敏食物過敏可以分成由免疫球蛋白E (IgE)造成的早發性或急性過敏反應,以及因淋巴球細胞產生的晚發性或延遲過敏反應,兩者症狀各有不同。




前者病人在發病時會有急性過敏反應、口腔過敏綜合症或蕁麻疹水腫等問題,而後者則會誘發嗜酸細胞性食道炎、胃炎、腸胃炎或異位性皮炎(即濕疹)。亦有罕見的非IgE食物敏感包括結腸炎、腹腔性疾病(Celiac Disease)或疱疹樣皮膚炎(Dermatitis Herpetiformis)等。


有些市民會把「食物過敏」與「食物不耐症」混淆。「食物不耐症」多數因消化不良或對某種食物/成份不吸收引起的,並非免疫系統反應,如病人或因腸胃系統缺乏酵素消化乳糖和其他蛋白質或脂肪。又或是食品中含有藥性物質、如胺基酸等,當患者接觸此類食物時便會導致腸胃或神經系統症狀。


還有一些心理因素,如厭食症患者每每在進食時感到不適等;然而,單是食物不耐症導致有生命危險的情況十分少見。





參考資料: www.allergy.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Monday, February 16, 2015

致敏原和病毒及細菌的分別

 
 
細菌或病毒所引起的疾病是「感染」而不是「過敏」,不過兩者之間仍有些相似的免疫啟動機制。過敏的原因是由於免疫系統對一些它誤認為有危險的異物侵入身體所造成的過度反應引起,而其實這些異物是無害的致敏原,例如塵埃;細菌或病毒對身體的免疫系統來說,也是異物侵入,不過,免疫系統卻知道這是有害物質,並沒有誤認。

 
如果成長期間與病毒或細菌有接觸,我們的免疫系統會自動調節對抗這些細菌,因為免疫系統忙於對付這些有害的物質,反而會「忽略」那些無害的致敏原,所以,有調查發現,在農村中長大的兒童,過敏情況比城市人低。
 
 
有些人分不清自己是鼻敏感還是傷風感冒,鄔醫生說,傷風感冒多是數天就會自動痊愈,若是流鼻水長期不止,就應是過敏而不是傷風了。病者要辨識自己的疾病,免耽誤延醫的時間。


食物過敏往往要到出事時才發現,但醫生說,雖然我們不會預早知道自己對甚麼食物,但第一次接觸令你過敏的食物通常都不會導致死亡,所以不必太過擔心。倘若知道自己是某些食物敏感,就要小心避免,否則,下次出事時,就可能有生命危險。




 
參考資料: www.allergy.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。  

Tuesday, February 10, 2015

常見的過敏藥物 - 抗生素

 
 
 
常見引致過敏藥物盤尼西林(Penicillins),發病率佔所有抗生素的50%,病徵主要是皮疹和血管性水腫(Angioedema)。

盤尼西林類藥物阿莫西林(Amoxycillin)和氨比西林(Ampicillin)構成所有藥物過敏症個案之15%-20%。然而,病人在服食盤尼西林後長出皮疹,便誤以為是對此藥有過敏反應,但其實皮疹可能是感染引起,跟藥物敏感並無關係。若患者想確定是否對盤尼西林過敏時,可進行皮膚測試

一般而言,大部份的盤尼西林抗體並不是針對它本身,而是經身體分解後的副產品,所以需利用副產品進行皮膚測試。如測試結果呈陰性反應,然後再試食,肯定沒有過敏症狀後,便可排除對盤尼西林有急性過敏的可能性。倘若患者對盤尼西林有急性過敏反應,但感染不能使用其他抗生素醫治,此時可考慮盤尼西林脫敏治療(Penicillin Desensitization)。





参考资料www.allergy.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Monday, February 9, 2015

Poor asthma control may be overestimated in obese children





The prevalence of asthma in children is steadily increasing along with the “obesity epidemic,” leading to speculations about the biological linkages between the two disorders. While a growing body of literature supports the role of obesity in the modulation of asthma severity and control in adults, other studies have shown that obesity is associated with respiratory symptoms independent of asthma and therefore may contribute to asthma misdiagnosis. Because the vast majority of previous studies have focused on adults, the degree to which obesity contributes to asthma control in children is unclear.


In a recent issue of The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Sah et al. examined the relationship between obesity and asthma control in children 6-17 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma enrolled in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Severe Asthma Research Program at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Children underwent extensive phenotypic characterization consisting of questionnaires, plethysmography, exhaled nitric oxide determination, and venipuncture for Th1/Th2 cytokines. Asthma control was defined according to pre-specified thresholds for lung function and symptom frequency as outlined in the National Asthma Education and Prevention Panel Expert Panel Report-3 (EPR-3).


Of the 269 children included in the analysis, 58 (22%) were overweight and 67 (25%) were obese. No associations between obesity and the composite outcome of asthma control were noted, even after adjusting for the potential confounding effects of age and sex. However, obese children were more likely to report non-specific asthma symptoms such as dyspnea more than twice weekly (adjusted OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.45 – 4.85) and nocturnal awakenings from asthma more than twice monthly (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06 – 3.55). Obese children also had significantly impaired quality of life, greater healthcare utilization and an increased frequency of glucocorticoid bursts, although no differences in pulmonary function were observed aside from lower functional residual capacity. Obese children with uncontrolled asthma further had decreased expression of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 but distinct patterns of Th1 versus Th2 polarization were not observed.


These findings suggest that obese children with asthma may experience more non-specific respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea that are associated with increased healthcare utilization and decreased quality of life in the absence of clear Th1 or Th2 polarization. Careful assessment of airway physiology as well as symptoms is warranted in the evaluation of obese children with respiratory symptoms to minimize over-treatment.




Reference : www.aaaai.org/
The above information serve as an education purpose only, you are encourage to
consult with your allergist for appropriate diagnosis and treatment

Wednesday, February 4, 2015

小朋友潤唇膏專題 (Part 2)




 
 
巿面上一些標榜天然或organic的潤唇膏,是否較適合小朋友?

一般兒童都可以使用天然或有機成分的潤唇膏,但對於患有敏感症的小朋友,應避免使用含有草本成分的潤唇膏。植物油或草本精油雖天然,但未必表示百分百安全,不排除每個人的免疫系統對不同成分有不同反應,部分人對植物油成分會特別過敏,接觸性皮炎大多數是由植物油所引起的。亦有一些精油接觸氧氣產生化學作用,所衍生的過氧化氫物(hydroperoxides)含有致敏物質,因此選購天然或有機成分的潤唇膏需注意。



有沒有一些潤唇膏的成份(例如可食用),可以作為家長參考呢?
又或有哪些成份不可以購買給小朋友呢?

引起過敏的致敏原有多種,普遍來說,都應盡量避免購買有人造香味、色素及含防腐劑成分的潤唇膏給小朋友,有機會引起接觸性皮膚炎;此外,護膚品常用的人造防腐劑如 methylparabenpropylparaben,有機會引起皮膚、眼睛痕癢等過敏反應

兒童唇部皮膚幼嫩及較薄,使用普通凡士林(並不是凡士林潤唇膏)便可防止唇部爆拆。

 

若小朋友唇部爆拆,有沒有其他唇部保護方法呢?

小朋友唇部爆拆,應多喝水補充身體水分,亦可食用含維他命CE及鋅的食物,如蔬果、魚類、小麥胚芽等,可防止皮膚乾燥,並有助修復皮膚。

 鄔揚源 免疫及過敏病科專科醫生







參考資料: paper.smp.singtao.com/
 以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的
過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Tuesday, February 3, 2015

小朋友潤唇膏專題 (Part 1)



家長替小朋友購買潤唇膏時,應注意甚麼地方?

家長替小朋友購買潤唇膏時,應選擇沒有香味及含防腐劑的產品。即使一些產品標明嬰兒及兒童適用,又或者「低敏」、「無添加」等字眼,都不代表產品會減少用後出現過敏的機會。


潤唇膏會否引起小童唇部敏感呢?

一般的潤唇膏都含有致敏成分,如香料、色素及防腐劑等,有機會引致小童唇部產生敏感,出現痕癢、脫皮、紅腫等症狀。在一般的情況下,嬰兒不需要特別使用潤唇膏,如出現乾燥或爆拆,使用凡士林便可。


若小朋友本身患有敏感症,家長在購買潤唇膏時是否需要特別留意呢?

若小朋友本身患有敏感症,家長在購買潤唇膏時需要特別留意,應選擇沒有香味及不含防腐劑的產品,以免刺激唇部引起過敏。此外,要因應小朋友的致敏原,避免選擇含該種致敏成分的產品,例如小朋友對動物成分過敏,應避免選用含羊毛脂成分的潤唇膏。()


鄔揚源  免疫及過敏病科專科醫生

參考資料: paper.smp.singtao.com/ 
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Monday, February 2, 2015

哮喘藥的種類



氣管發炎是哮喘病發的主要因素,所以,消炎藥物是治療哮喘的重要方法。

吸入性類固醇藥
因長期發炎哮喘患者的氣管會續漸地受到損壞,嚴重時肺功能會受到永久性的影響。有消炎功效的吸入性類固醇可以防止氣管出現慢性損壞。

氣管舒張劑
能放鬆肌肉、防止氣管收窄。氣管舒張劑可分2類:

1) 短期-立即舒緩氣管收窄問題,如果哮喘突然發作或運動前可以利用此藥舒緩病情,以及預防氣管收窄;
2) 長期-可維持12小時的功效,需跟類固醇藥並用。

抗白三烯素藥
白三烯素可引起氣管嚴重發炎和收窄。現有的抗白三烯素藥物對輕微哮喘病人而言,具有效預防作用,尤其是因運動或接觸致敏原引發的反應;此外,對於亞士匹靈過敏哮喘的患者亦份外有效。

脫敏治療
除藥物外,哮喘患者亦必須了解是什麼原因導致哮喘發作,譬如胃酸倒流患者便要利用抑壓胃酸的藥物,過敏性哮喘病人要減少接觸致敏原如塵蟎和動物等。若病人的敏感情況需要,可考慮使用脫敏治療




參考資料: www.allergy.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,
應向自己的過敏病科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。